When designing a training split, ensure that the exercises complement each other to maintain high-quality training throughout the workout.

Training to failure can lead to greater muscle growth but also increases fatigue significantly, so it's important to balance intensity and recovery. Going from some number of reps in reserve all the way to failure in a single mesocycle is a good practice for many, but not required; you can go two or three reps in reserve as long as you do enough sets to achieve close to ideal hypertrophy outcomes.

For training frequency, you can train the same muscle anywhere from one to six times a week. Two to four times a week is a good idea for most people, with three to four being more suitable for those in specialization phases or who recover rapidly.

To determine if you're doing the right amount of volume, consider how many sessions you have per muscle group in a week. If you're training your chest twice a week and feel fully recovered before your next session, you can increase the number of sets you do.

Approximately 80% of resistance training should be below failure, with 20% at higher intensity to maximize benefits without causing damage.

To recover effectively between sets, resting for two to six minutes can be beneficial for hypertrophy and strength gains.

The total amount of working sets is by far the biggest determinant of how much muscle you're going to grow per session. You can do anywhere from one set to as many as 12 to 15 sets for a muscle group in a session, but if you exceed your maximum recoverable volume, you risk reaching junk volume where your nervous system is too fatigued to recruit muscle fibers effectively.

If you're doing something like nine sets for biceps, that's totally cool, but you just have to train them less frequently to allow for recovery. If you're doing 15 working sets for just your biceps in one session, the literature suggests that's not optimal because your last sets may not provide effective stimulus due to fatigue.

It's ineffective to train legs and then chest in the same session, as leg workouts can exhaust your energy for upper body exercises.