Bacteria are essential to life on Earth, having existed for billions of years before other organisms, and they play a crucial role in creating the matter we consume.

We are exploring how to design all technological products as if they are part of the biosphere, envisioning a world where everything can be grown rather than built.

The next century will be about learning how to design biology and program DNA, leading to a new generation of designers focused on biological systems.

My design principle focuses on allowing organisms to flourish, creating a win-win synergy where the organism's growth produces beneficial byproducts.

The complexity of living organisms cannot be reduced to mere mechanical processes; they are dynamic systems with interdependent parts that evolve and adapt in ways machines cannot. No machine can autonomously write its own program; biological organisms have had billions of years to develop complexity and abilities that machines have yet to achieve.

We're exploring directed evolution of bacteria to produce various products, including biomaterials and therapeutics, using computational methods in a lab setting.

Biology is fundamentally digital; every organism is made up of sequences of DNA, and understanding how to program that DNA allows us to design biology to perform specific tasks.

We are still in the stone age when it comes to biology, and we have a long way to go in terms of innovation.

We are at a pivotal point where technology can change who we are genetically, and we need to understand what it means to be human before we give that away.