The Roman military was a massive force of half a million people, integrating foreigners and turning them into Romans over time.

The Romans would often take the sons of conquered tribal leaders, raise them as Romans, and incorporate them into their society, turning enemies into allies. As early as the second century AD, Roman emperors and senators began to come from provinces like Spain and North Africa, rather than just Italy.

During the late Republic, the Roman army primarily consisted of indigenous Italians, with the expansion of auxiliaries occurring later in the empire.

Roman slavery was not based on race but was an economic status, with many slaves being skilled workers, and the experience of slavery varied widely.

The dehumanizing view of slavery in Roman law classified a runaway slave as a thief for stealing themselves from their master, highlighting the brutal nature of the institution.

Auxiliaries, who were often newly conquered war-like peoples, served alongside Roman legions for 25 years and earned Roman citizenship upon discharge, leading to their children becoming Roman legionaries.

The Roman Empire's strength lay in its openness to incorporating foreigners, making them want to be part of the empire and work for it.

Political leaders in ancient Rome were also military leaders, expected to lead their armies into battle and demonstrate their commitment to the society they governed.

In early Roman society, only property owners could serve in the legions, reflecting the belief that those who fought for Rome should have a vested interest in its defense.