Scientists often believe they will be rewarded for their inventions, but the reality is that they frequently do not capture any financial value from their work.

There are many areas of innovation that have seen tremendous advancements, yet no one has made significant profits from them.

The structure of competition in industries often prevents innovators from making money, despite creating significant value for society.

The narrative around innovators often overlooks the years of hard work they put in, focusing instead on moments of sudden inspiration, but true innovation typically requires sustained effort and a willingness to defer gratification.

A history of failure in certain industries discourages innovation, while success in software encourages more people to enter that field, creating a cycle of innovation.

There's a lot of innovation in the biomedical field that isn't covered by patents, which can hinder the development of beneficial treatments. For example, mannose, a sugar that may have potential as an onco-treatment, lacks funding because it cannot be patented.

People often overlook the benefits of innovation by focusing solely on existing problems, which can hinder progress and optimism.

Not taking bold risks is itself a risk; many people prefer incremental value, but true innovation often requires letting go of past successes.

Technical co-founders and early employees often get exploited and undervalued in startups, leading to unfair equity splits.