Cortisol, a stress hormone, is released by the adrenal glands and can lead to feelings of agitation when elevated.

When adrenaline is repeatedly elevated over time, cortisol is also released, which can lead to chronic inflammation and fatigue.

Cortisol spikes in the morning are beneficial as they help wake us up and have important health-promoting functions, while a 9 PM cortisol spike is a signature of depression and anxiety, which is problematic and associated with many mental health issues.

Chronic stress can lead to adrenal insufficiency syndrome, where the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate cortisol and adrenal hormones.

Long-term stress is harmful; it should not keep adrenaline elevated for extended periods, as this can lead to health issues.

A natural increase in cortisol occurs early in the day, promoting wakefulness and a healthy immune system, and can be timed by exposure to bright sunlight.

Mitochondria are involved in the human stress response, regulating cortisol and inflammation, which are linked to mental health conditions.

Understanding the role of mitochondria in hormone regulation is essential for addressing issues related to cortisol and other steroid hormones that affect mental health.

Working out for longer than an hour can raise cortisol levels excessively, which is why I keep my workouts relatively short.