Creatine is foundational to energy metabolism in cells, acting as a phosphate shuttle that supports mitochondrial function and energy transformation.

Supplementing with creatine may improve symptoms of major depression, augment antidepressants, and enhance cognitive function in neurodegenerative disorders.

Stimulants like caffeine and certain forms of magnesium, such as magnesium malate, can enhance endurance performance and reduce muscle soreness during training.

Alpha-GPC can enhance power output and cognitive function, making it beneficial for skill learning when taken in appropriate doses.

Muscle is vitally important for athletic performance and longevity.

The adaptations from anaerobic endurance training include improved mitochondrial respiration, allowing for greater energy generation through oxygen utilization, which significantly benefits various types of exercise, including competitive sports and activities requiring bursts of effort.

ATP is essential for any activity that requires energy, and our muscles and neurons utilize different fuel sources to generate ATP, including phosphocreatine for short, intense efforts and glucose for longer durations.

Pushing through fatigue during training helps neurons access more energy, converting it into ATP, which allows muscles to perform better and sustain effort longer.

Exercise is essential for improving mitochondrial health, as it increases the number and function of mitochondria, which are crucial for energy production in muscles.